Portable Steel Modular Home for Permmanent Accommodation
KXD's prefabricated mdoular home is made up of each containerized module-flat pack container with the advantages of fast-construction,environment friendly and modular solution.Here are the introduction of each containerized module for the prefabricated building
1.Technical Data-Standard
Technical characteristics of containers type elements
(1)ISO standard dimensions of 20 feet STANDARD containers-optionally 10 up to 30 feet
(2)length=6.058 mm (optionally 3.048 - 9.100 mm)
width=2.438 mm (optionally 3.000 mm)
(3)exterior height=2.591 mm (optionally 2.791 mm or 3100 mm)
(4)inner height = 2.300 mm (optionally 2.500 mm or 2800 mm)
container construction difference
ZINCED metal profyles 3 mm connected with scres
container painting
(1)option: on customer wish in RAL color
(2)option: painted on customer wish in RAL color
container floor
container floor opening for forklift
(1)without forklift pockets
(2)option: with forklift pockets for containers up to 7.335 mm
(3)holes distance 1.506mm
container roof construction
container exterior wall and side panels for the modular building
(1)50 mm poliurethane panel, externally micro-corrugated RAL 9002
internally smooth RAL 9010 (white)
(2)option: 60 mm mineral wool, both side plastificated in RAL 9002
(3)option: 60 mm mineral wool, both side plastificated in RAL 9002, internally enriched chipboard 100 WHITE010 (white)
(4)option: 80 mm poliurethane panel, both side plasticated steel plate RAL 9010 (white)
(5)option: 100 mm poliurethane panel, both side plasticated steel plate RAL 9010 (white)
(6)option: 100 mm mineral wool, both side plasticated steel plate RAL 9010 (white)
(7)option: 120 mm mineral wool, both side plasticated steel plate RAL 9010 (white)
container exterior and inner walls
PVC with polyurethane filling 40 mm, clear opening 79/202 cm
container windows and doors
(1)option: windows without shutters
(2)option: windows with shutters
container isolation, coefficient of thermal resistance
floor - U = 0,37 W / m2k
roof - U = 0,39 W /m2k
wall panels - U = 0,41 W /m2k
windows - U = 2,40 W / m2k
Individual KXD container modules
They are assembled in KXD factory production from KXD manufactured elements. They come to the market as finished product as residential or office space equipped with or without equipment. Individual container modules are used as a single objects as bungalows, dormitories, offices, warehouses, shops, workshops and a built MODULE for the construction of various shapes and purposes.
dimensions and weights
container location preparation
container handling and lifting
option: Forklift for lifting containers up to 7.3 m in lenght if container has forklift holes
container electric installations
container windows and doors
(1)option: windows without shutters
(2)option: windows with shutters
container isolation, coefficient of thermal resistance
floor - U = 0,37 W / m2k
roof - U = 0,39 W /m2k
wall panels - U = 0,41 W /m2k
windows - U = 2,40 W / m2k
Individual KXD container modules
They are assembled in KXD factory production from KXD manufactured elements. They come to the market as finished product as residential or office space equipped with or without equipment. Individual container modules are used as a single objects as bungalows, dormitories, offices, warehouses, shops, workshops and a built MODULE for the construction of various shapes and purposes.
dimensions and weights
container location preparation
container handling and lifting
option: Forklift for lifting containers up to 7.3 m in lenght if container has forklift holes
container electric installations
Container House
1.Technical Data-Standard
Technical characteristics of containers type elements
(1)ISO standard dimensions of 20 feet STANDARD containers-optionally 10 up to 30 feet
(2)length=6.058 mm (optionally 3.048 - 9.100 mm)
width=2.438 mm (optionally 3.000 mm)
(3)exterior height=2.591 mm (optionally 2.791 mm or 3100 mm)
(4)inner height = 2.300 mm (optionally 2.500 mm or 2800 mm)
container construction difference
ZINCED metal profyles 3 mm connected with scres
container painting
(1)option: on customer wish in RAL color
(2)option: painted on customer wish in RAL color
Seeking for a solution to your construction employee's official request?How about considering modular house?
For any construction enterprise,it is a common thing to deploy the installation workers to local construction site to fulfill their duties.However,the worker's safety and well-being must come first at any circumstances which is foundamentally provide them satified accommodation,catering and leasurement options at spare time.On the other hand,considering the high requirements of mobility and easy-to-assemble for the auxiliary house/building.modular house is definitely a reliable choice.
You may wonder what is exactly the define of a modular house system.To start with,Modular House is a term used to describe the use of factory-produced pre-engineered building units that are delivered to site in Modules. The modular units may form complete rooms, or parts of rooms.
Modular houses are generally made into six sided boxes constructed in a factory, then delivered to site and using a crane, the modules are set onto the building's foundation and joined together to make a single building. The modules can be placed side-by-side, end-to-end, or stacked, allowing a wide variety of configurations and styles in the building layout.
Till now,you may get a little hint of what a modular house is.But the truth is there are still many things about modualr house to explore.So how about getting to read the following informations about KXD's unique modular house system?I'm sure that you will know deeper about the modular house system after reading the informations.
GeneralThe modular unit or container is designed as a light solid construction consisting of floor and roof frames and corner profiles. The system enables compounding of individual containers in longitudinal and transverse directions without limits. It also enables compounding of containers in 2 floors in height (ground floor + first floor), or in 3 floors in height for warehousing of these containers (ground floor + 2 floor). Wainscots of the container are made of light insulation panels and offer pleasant climate in the interior due to their building and physical properties.
Dimensions and Tare (ISO Standard 1161)
- External length 20'/ (inner length) 20′: 6.055m/(5.851m)
- External width/ (inner width): 2.435m/(2.231m)
- External height/inner height: 2.790m/(2.510m)
- Tare: 1950 Kg
(1)Steel FrameworkMaterial::cold formed steel profiles in a thickness of 3 to 4mm (bottom rails).
Surface working::shot blasting, epoxy ground coat in a thickness of 30 μm, final vinyl acrylic coat in a thickness of 60-70 μm.
Fittings:8 corner fittings (dimensions according to ISO standard 1161), rainwater pipe in the roof framework, plate thickness of 10mm excluding top corner fittings of the top kit of each bundle (20mm thickness)
Forklift openings:openings for fork-lift pockets in the floor framework, dim 88*250mm in a distance of 1700 mm
(2)Floor CompositionExternal wainscot:flat galvanized steel sheet metal in a thickness of 0.5mm.
Insulation filling: noncombustible mineral wool in a thickness of 100 mm among hollow steel transverse supports. Mineral wool density:50 Kg/m3
Steam blockade: PE foil in a thickness of 80 μm
Cement board:
CCA boards (Cellulose Fiber Cement Board, Autoclaved)
in a thickness of 18 mm Density: 1500Kg/ m3
Reaction to Fire Classification:A1 certified ISO EN 13501
PVC flooring covering in a thickness of 1.5mm
Permitted loading: 4 .5 KN/m2 or 6 KN/m2 (reinforced under-structure)
K value: 0.45 W/ m2K
R value (Thermal Resistance) = 2.2 m2K/W
(3)Ceiling Composition(50mm sandwich mineral wool panel)
External wainscot: 1.6 mm thick corrugated "ISO" roof,CORTEN made,and shot blasted&painted.
Steam blockade:PE foil in a thickness of 80μm
Insulation filling:noncombustible mineral wool in a thickness of 50 mm among 30X50X2 mm steel square bars. Mineral wool density: 50 Kg/ m3
Ceiling made of 50 mm thick mineral wool sandwich panels screwed to the steel beams of the roof frame. Sandwich panel composition:
Meteor water outlet: 4 each of PVC rainwater pipes, diameter 50mm in corner pillars
K value: 0.45 W/ m2K
R value (Thermal Resistance) = 2.2 m2K/W
Galvanized and painted steel sheet metal on both sides. Steel thickness: 0.5mm, white color
Insulation filling: mineral wool in a thickness of 60mm, density 120 Kg/m3
Permitted loading (standard roof) : 2.1 KN/m2
(4)Facade WallsSandwich mineral wool
Side panels' width:1140mm; total panel thickness: 60mm.
Five panels fit into the long side and two panels fit into the short side of
container and they are fully interchangeable
Composition:
External wainscot:
Galvanized and painted steel sheet metal in a thickness of 0.5mm, white
color
Insulation filling:
Mineral wool in a thickness of 60mm
Inner wainscot:
Galvanized and painted steel sheet metal in a thickness of 0.5mm, white color.
Permitted loading: 100 kg/m2
Mineral wool density: 120 Kg/m3
K value: 0.71 W/ m2K
Fire rating: 36 minutes according to GB 12955-91 and 20 minutes according to BS 476
(5)DoorsExternal Aluminum door. Single fold, 40mm thick, made of:
- a frame in pre painted aluminum
- hot galvanized and pre painted steel sheets (inside and outside)
- insulated with PL (polystyrene)
- Net opening dimensions: 820 x 1985 mm; furnished with a handle lock with 3 keys.
Composition:
- External frame: galvanized and painted steel profiles, thickness 0.7 mm
- External and internal wainscot: galvanized and painted steel sheet metal in a
thickness of 0.7mm.
- Equipped with 3 hinges, lock and anti-burglary flange
- Insulation filling: non-combustible mineral wool in a thickness of 50mm.
- Mineral wool density: 60 Kg/m3
Windows
Made of PVC, white color, with dimensions 800 to 900 mm× 1100 to 1200mm,
- glazed with double layer glass in a thickness of 4/15/4mm, with "tilt & swing"
- Mechanism with aluminum made rolling shutters
(5)Electrical Installations
- Standard: UK Specification
- Voltage: 220 V, 50 Hz single phase
- Network connections: suitable-connection plug/socket, 3-5 poles 32 A +, 220V ~ mounted on the top frame in upper corners of a shorter side wall
- Inner distribution system: cables of suitable dimensions (6, 2.5, 1.5 mm2 for 220 voltage, flush-mounted.
- Protection: protective current switch (40 A +/2E/4E-0,03A), automatic fuses (C-characteristics) of suitable power (6A, 10A, 16A, 20A)
- Earthing: galvanized connector with a steel plate of dimensions 30x80mm welded on the bottom frame
- Fittings:
- Electric distribution box - 1×40A+/2E/4E-0.03A (protective current switch), 1×10A & 2×16A as standard lay out (automatic fuses)
- Double fluorescent lights 2×36W 220V- 2 each Philips IP 65 rated
- Option: "PRC" neon lights IP 65 rated
- Low level flush-mounted illuminated double sockets 220 V/110 V - 3 each
- Low level flush mounted illuminated double socket 220V/110V with double SUB port - 1 each
- Flush-mounted switches 220 V/110 V - 1 each
(6)Possibilities of Container Mounting
- On a flat solid surface (asphalt, concrete,)
- On point foundations (concrete cubes, dimensions 30/30/30cm, 6 pc/20' container)
- On band foundations (concrete band, 30cm wide, on the container circumference)
- Certification: Dimensions, weight, payload and stacking are RINA certified. Certificates available for components.
- Delivery: Containers can be delivered assembled or individually - in kits 648 mm high.4 kits can be bundled in packages 2591 mm high (ISO
dimensions)
- Remark: Rights to technical changes are reserved.
Technical characteristics of containers type elements
| ISO standard dimensions of 20 feet EUROSTANDARD and STANDARD containers - optionally 10 up to 30 feet |
| lenght = 6.058 mm (optionally 3.048 - 9.100 mm) |
| width = 2.438 mm (optionally 3.000 mm) |
| exterior height = 2.591 mm (optionally 2.791 mm or 3100 mm) |
| inner height = 2.300 mm (optionally 2.500 mm or 2800 mm) |
| container construction difference |
| ZINCED metal profyles 3 mm connected with scres |
| container painting |
| option: on customer wish in RAL color |
| option: painted on customer wish in RAL color |
| container floor opening for forklift |
| without forklift pockets |
| option: with forklift pockets for containers up to 7.335 mm |
| holes distance 1.506mm |
| container roof construction |
| container exterior wall and side panels |
| 50 mm poliurethane panel, externally microcorrugated RAL 9002 |
| internally smooth RAL 9010 (white) |
| option: 60 mm mineral wool, bothside plastificated in RAL 9002 |
| option: 60 mm mineral wool, bothside plastificated in RAL 9002, internally enriched chipboard 100 WHITE010 (white) |
| option: 80 mm poliurethane panel, bothside plasticated steel plate RAL 9010 (white) |
| option: 100 mm poliurethane panel, bothside plasticated steel plate RAL 9010 (white) |
| option: 100 mm mineral wool, bothside plasticated steel plate RAL 9010 (white) |
| option: 120 mm mineral wool, bothside plasticated steel plate RAL 9010 (white) |
| container exterior and inner walls |
| PVC with polyurethane filling 40 mm, clear opening 79/202 cm |
| container windows and doors |
| option: windows without shutters |
| option: windows with shutters |
| container isolation, coefficient of thermal resistance |
| floor - U = 0,37 W / m2k |
| roof - U = 0,39 W /m2k |
| wall panels - U = 0,41 W /m2k |
| windows - U = 2,40 W / m2k |
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Any questions, pls feel free to contact me.
| Item |
Sort |
Name |
Specification and parameter |
| 1 |
product model |
standard intensity |
standard product, the dimension can be designed by the customers' requirement |
| 2 |
removable performance |
the house are divided into components in transportation and builded into a whole hoisted house |
| 3 |
specification |
length |
6058mm and 12058mm |
| 4 |
width |
2438mm |
| 5 |
height |
2591mm |
| 6 |
clear height indoor |
2400mm |
| 7 |
standard component |
ground beam |
3mm galvanized |
| 8 |
roof beam |
3mm galvanized |
| 9 |
central column |
4mm galvanized |
| 10 |
column on the corner |
4mm galvanized |
| 11 |
wall panel |
75mm double-faced coloured steel EPS sandwich board |
| 12 |
roof panel |
75mm double-faced coloured steel PU sandwich board |
| 13 |
secondary beam |
Z-shaped galvanized steel iron |
| 14 |
roof insulation |
75mm polyurethane |
| 15 |
Floor panel |
18mm plywood panel+12mm laminated floor or 20mm cement-fiber +2mm PVC |
| 16 |
door |
Steel Security door, 740mmx1950mm |
| 17 |
window |
PVC Sliding window with Rolling shutter, 1100mmx800mm |
| 18 |
electronics, water supply and drainage |
the plan, design and construction can be provided according to the related law of the country |
| 19 |
furniture and appliance |
Customized-made |
| 20 |
designing parameter |
roof load |
0.5KN/sqm(If the criteria were exceeded, it can also load by reinforcing the structure) |
| 21 |
wind pressure load parameter |
designing wind speed 210km/h (Chinese standard) |
| 22 |
seismic fortification intensity |
magnitudes 8 |
| 23 |
suitable temperature |
suitable temperature scope. -50° C~+50° C |
| 24 |
construction |
construction tools |
convenient construction, the tools are spanner, bolt driver and so on |
| 25 |
construction efficiency |
4 experienced technicians can build 6-8 prefab houses with dimension of 20 feet |
| 26 |
transportation |
container trunk |
container with 12 meters can load 8 houses with the dimension of 20 feet |
| Opinions |
1)We can supply all kinds of steel structures, steel building, metal building, modular house, steel frame for warehouse, workshop, garage etc, steel beams, other riveting and welding parts. |
| 2)We can also make and develop new parts according to customers' drawings and detailed dimensions. |
2. Specifications
|
1)Size: MOQ is 100m2, width X length X eave height, roof slope |
| 2)Type: Single slope, double slope, muti slope; Single span, double-span, Multi-span, single floor, double floors! |
| 3) Base: Cement and steel foundation bolts |
| 4) Column and beam: Material Q345(S355JR)or Q235(S235JR) steel, all bolts connection! Straight cross-section or Variable cross-section! |
| 5) Bracing: X-type or V-type or other type bracing made from angle, round pipe, etc |
| 6) C or z purlin: Size from C120~C320, Z100~Z200 |
| 7) Roof and wall panel: Single colorfull corrugated steel sheet0.326~0.8mm thick, (1150mm wide), or sandwich panel with EPS, ROCK WOOL, PU etc insulation thickness around 50mm~100mm, |
| 8)Accessories: Semi-transparent skylight belts, Ventilators, down pipe, Glavanized gutter, etc |
| 9)Surface: Two lays of Anti-rust Painting! |
| 10) Packing: Main steel frame without packing load in 40' OT, roof and wall panel load in 40' HQ! |
| 3. Design Parameters |
If you need we design for you, pls supply us the following parameter together with detail size: |
| 1)Live load on roof(KN/M2) |
| 2)Wind speed(KM/H) |
| 3)Snow load (KG/M2) |
4)Earthquake load if have
5) Demands for doors and windows |
| 6)Crane (if have), Crane span, crane lift height, max lift capacity, max wheel pressure and min wheel pressure! |
KXD's H Section Manufacturing Equipment and Process
Steel plate cutting→H section assembly→Automatic welding-H section strengthening→Assembly→Manual welding→Shot blasting-Painting→
Storage
I.Steel plate cutting
The H section steel plate should be checked again by the factory and shall be applied under the condition of up to design and specified requirements after checking. Steel plate cutting should be aimed at quality guarantee and material saving. For each process like plate cutting,H type assembly, components assembly and pre-assembly should be carried out by profession setting-out worker precisely on processing surface and assembly sample plates.To guarantee the accuracy of the components'geometrical dimension,tolerance of form and position, angle and contact surface,inspection is necessary by inspector after setting out.In order to ensure the cutting quality,the surface of the ultra-thick plate is subjected to the surface carburizing hardness test before cutting.The CNC cutting equipment is preferred for cutting.The high purity 98.0% acrylic gas and 99.99% liquid oxygen gas are used to guarantee the smoothness and flatness of the cutting surface without notches and slags.The groove is cut by a special imported cutting machine.
Equipment name: Portable CNC Fire-cutting machine
Model No.: CNCDG-1530
Application feature: steel plate cutting(5-100mm plate cutting thickness), beveling of the edge.Advantageous in small equipment and easy-to-move. Mainly for cutting regular and irregular small components and beveling of the plate.
Equipment name:Straight flame cutting machine
Model No.:DZCG-4000A
Application feature:steel plate cutting(5-100mm plate cutting thickness),Y flange plate, web plate cutting, effective cutting width: 3200mm
Equipment name:CNC cutting machine
Model No.:CNC-4000C
Application feature:steel plate cutting(5-100mm plate cutting thickness),Y flange plate,web plate and irregular component cutting,effective cutting width: 3200mm
Equipment name: Radial drilling machine
Model No.:Z3050*16/1
Application feature:Maximum drilling diameter φ50mm,Mainly for processing of component bolt-connection holes
Equipment name:Puncher machine
Model No.:JH21-400
Application feature:Maximum stamping pressure-400 ton,Mainly for plate punching, blanking, bending and shallow stretching
Equipment name:Shearing machine
Model No.:Q11Y-25*2500
Application feature:cutting width 2500mm and cutting thickness 3-25mm
II.H section steel assembly
The assembly process is set up on the imported H section production line.4 hydraulic positioning system press firmly against between the upper/lower flange and web plates in position. The adjust the parallelism of the flange plates and perpendicularity between flange and web plates and get them fixed after. The fixing welding should adopt C02 gas shielded welding.
Equipment name:H section steel assembly machine
Model No.:Z20B
Application feature:mainly for H type assembly u,flange width 150-800mm,web height 160-2000 mm
III.Automatic welding
The H section steel members will be hoisted into the gantry-type submerged arc automatic welding machine for welding.The welding process should be carried out in accordance with specified welding sequence and regulation parameters.Preheating, which uses the electrical heaters, is necessary for the ultra-thick plates of components.The set temperature shall be determined based on the specified one.Please see factory welding process documents for detail.
Equipment name: Gantry-type submerged arc automatic welding machine
Model No.:LHA5ZB
Application feature:Mainly for assembly welding of H section steel whose maximum cross section up to 800mm×2000mm
IV.H section steel strengthening machine
H section steel strengthening process: Correction of flange flatness by using H section steel flange plate strengthening machine.Flame-correct the perpendicularity between the H section flange and web plate under special circumstances and then correct the side bending of the H section steel. The flame temperature should be controlled under the range of 600~800ºC.
Equipment name:H section steel strengthening machine
Model No.:YTJ60B
Application feature:Mainly for correcting the deformation of I beam or H section steel flange plate during welding process,flange width 200-1000mm, flange thickness≤60mm, web height≥350mm
Equipment name:H section flange strengthening machine
Model No.: HYJ-800
Application feature:Mainly for correcting the deformation of I beam or H section steel flange plate during welding process,flange width 160-800mm,flange thickness≤40mm,web height≥160mm
V.Simulated assembly of component
1.Get familiar with component shop drawing and technical requirements.
2.The model components need to re-check by related department after making and finalizing of the model components and then to assemble.
3.Accurate mark-up
4.Inspect the component after first assembly.For multi-group components, pre-assembly for the first group and then batch assembly after qualified test.
VI.Manual welding
VII.Shot blasting
Equipment name:10-ramming heads shot blasting machine
Model No.:QH1525
Application feature:Mainly for shot blasting of section steels including H section steel, welded members and steel plate,10 ramming head; Machine entry size:1500Í2500 and member at 1200Í2000 size could pass the machine at once; up to Sa2.5 Grade.
VIII.Painting
The surface of the members should be in even,flat, glossy and full painting without manifest of cracking, peeling and pin holing.The color and coating thickness should also meet design requirements.If there is no certain requirements,the following standards should be followed:thickness is 150μm indoor while 125μm outdoor.The allowable deviation is -25μm.The allowable deviation of dry paint film thickness for each-time painting
Two coats of primer:thickness being40±5μm; Two coats of finish paint:thickness being 60±5μm.
Equipment name:Airless sprayer
Model No.:CPQ9CA
Application feature: Derived capacity:56 L/min,Air consumption:50~1200 L/min.Mainly for surface paint of structural members, Pressure ration: 32:1
Process, fabrication and quality control standard on welding groove/beveling of steel structure
1. Purpose
To ensure the welding quality, meeting up the technical requirements of welded members and improve the standardization of our fabrication, we specially formulate this regulation.
2. Application scope
This manual apply for the design, fabricate and inspection of groove joint in terms of manual arc welding, CO2 arch welding, mixed gas arch welding, submerged arc welding and electroslag welding.
3. Design of welding groove
3.1 Key points on design welding groove:
In order to obtain quality groove, it is necessary to choose appropriate form of groove. The option of groove mainly depends on the thickness of base metal, welding method and craftsmanship requirements.The followings are the factors we need to consider:
- minimize the amount of filler metal
- easy for beveling
- in convenience for welding operation and slag removal
- After welding stress and deformation should be as small as possible
3.2 Groove direction:
We will consider the following factors for the groove direction:
A)in favor of welding process and removing slag and leave enough space for welding process on the fusion face
B)minimize the times of flip-flop during welding
C)way of fit-up in actual welding
3.3. Regulation on groove direction of members:
3.3.1 Butt welding on H section rafter/column (when CJP-complete joint penetration and single side fusion is required)
1) When there is no welding backing, the groove orientation on flange plates should be same and falls on the direction in favor of welding on web plats(same rules apply for the PJP situation). Please refer to illustration 1
2)When there is welding backing, we require the groove direction being outward for the flange plates(opposite direction for web plates) and still falls on the direction in favor of welding on web plates. Please refer to illustration 2
3)Butt-welding on construction site:we require all the grooves should be bevelled on the upper rafter/column when it comes to bolt connection for web plates(see illustration 3). For the scenario of welding on web plates, please refer to the illustration 4.
3.3.2 Box column(groove on itself).See illustration 5
4. Welding groove form
4.1. Mark on form and size of welding joint groove:
Example: Shielded metal arch welding, complete joint penetration, butt welding, I shape groove, welding backing and single side weld would be marked MC-BI-BS1
4.2. For the mark of welding method and penetration type, please see the following chart 1.
Chart 1 Mark on welding method and penetration type
| Mark |
Welding method |
Penetration type |
| MC |
Shielded metal arch welding |
CJP-complete joint penetration |
| MP |
PJP-partial joint penetration |
| GC |
Shielded arch welding
Self-shielded arc welding |
CJP-complete joint penetration |
| GP |
PJP-partial joint penetration |
| SC |
Submerged arc welding |
CJP-complete joint penetration |
| SP |
PJP-partial joint penetration |
| SL |
Electroslag welding |
|
4.3. For the mark of single, double side welding and backing material type, please see the following chart 2
Chart 2 Single/double side welding and backing material type mark
| Backing material type |
Single/double side welding |
| Mark |
Material |
Mark |
Single/double side welding |
| BS |
Metal backing |
1 |
Single side welding |
| BF |
Other backing |
2 |
Double side welding |
4.4. Mark on each part size of groove, see chart 3.
Chart 3 Size mark on groove
| Mark |
Size of each part on groove |
| t |
Thickness of welding plate(mm) |
| b |
Groove root gap or gap between two members(mm) |
| h |
Groove depth(mm) |
| p |
Groove roof face(mm) |
| α |
Groove angle(º) |
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