Galvanized Steel Industrial Factory Warehouse
You may seek for a construction solution for your garage building.Bricks,concrete,wood...KXD tell you "No"!Because we have better option for you-Metal structure!
Now you are definitely gonna ask-what are the advantages of metal structure or why should I choose metal structure for my Garage?Tell you what! Statistics has shown that steel building has been a trendy and reliable construction solution whether for commercial,industrial or residential applications.Compared with the tradtional R.C.C(reinforced concrete) building,pre-engineered steel structure building is 30% cost-saving,60% less construction time required,40% less weight and nearly 80% resell value while meeting up the customer's construction request at the same time.
Feel kind of interesting!Before my formal introduction on the metal building system,please go for the following photo to get a outline of what a metal building is!
Introduction on KXD's metal building system
Pre-engineered metal buildings/structure (PMB) for industrial and commercial functions are a steel structures built over a structural concept of primary members, secondary members, roof and wall sheeting connected to each other and various other building components. These buildings can be provided with different structural and non-structural additions such as skylights, wall lights, turbo vents, ridge ventilators, louvers, roof monitors, doors & windows, trusses, mezzanine floors, fascias, canopies, crane systems, insulation etc., based on the customer's requirements. All the steel buildings are custom designed to be lighter in weight and high in strength. Thus steel building designs have become more flexible, durable and adaptable over the last four decades which has made steel one of the preferred materials for building construction.
PMB/PEB's are ideal for non-residential and wide-span low-rise buildings. Some of the key advantages of PMB/PEB include economical in cost, factory controlled quality, durability, longevity, flexibility in expansion, environmentally friendly, faster installation, etc.
Pre-engineered metal buildings are used for diverse applications such as factories, warehouses, showrooms, supermarkets, aircraft hangars, metro stations, offices, shopping malls, schools, hospitals, community buildings and many more.
As a leading PMB/PEB manufacturer, KXD provides the complete service of engineering, fabrication and erection thus ensuring better quality control at every stage of the process.
Pre-engineered metal buildings consists of following components:
- Primary Members / Main Frames
- Secondary Members / Cold Formed Members
- Roof & Wall Panels
- Accessories, Buyouts, Crane System, Mezzanine System, Insulation, etc.
- Sandwich Panels
PRIMARY MEMBERS / MAIN FRAMES
Primary members are the main load carrying and support members of a pre-engineered building. The main frame members include columns, rafters and other supporting members. The shape and size of these members vary based on the application and requirements. The frame is erected by bolting the end plates of connecting sections together. All the steel sections and welded plate members are designed in accordance with the applicable sections as per the latest international codes and standards such as GB and IS to meet all the customer specifications.
LEAN TO (L-TO)
SPACE SAVER (SV)
L CANOPY (L-CAN)
BUTTERFLY CANOPY (T-CAN)
SINGLE SLOPE
RIGID FRAME (RF)
BEAM & COLUMN (BC-1)
BEAM & COLUMN (BC-2)
BEAM & COLUMN (BC-3)
MULTI SPAN (MS)
CRANE BEAMS
Crane Beams are support members for different type of cranes and allow for unobstructed movement of cranes along the building length. These crane beams are supported on the columns of a building.
MEZZANINE SYSTEMS
Standard mezzanine system consists of profiled steel deck, mezzanine joists, built-up beams and intermediate support columns. Built-up beams span in lateral directions and mezzanine joists in longitudinal directions bolted to the top flange of beams. A concrete slab is cast on the steel deck as a finished surface. Steel checkered plates can also be used as top surface.
TRUSSES
KXD Truss System is one of the company's most popular and highly economical products. It is a rigid structure, ideal for large span roof systems, multiple bay buildings and as mezzanine floor framing. These structures are individually designed to meet the specific requirements of each building and are fabricated utilizing high quality efficient fixtures. The system allows for easy erection as all connections are field bolted except for field splices on very large spans, no site welding is required.
There is possibility of significant reduction in clearances and building heights by running service pipes/ducts through the trusses. Foundation costs are also reduced due to fewer columns being required to support larger spans.
FASCIAS AND CANOPIES
KXD provides various types of fascias specially designed as per the customer's requirements. These can be either vertical, horizontal or with curved sheeting to enhance the architectural look of the building. Wall canopies at eaves, end wall, over doors and windows are also provided based on the requirement.
SECONDARY MEMBERS / COLD FORMED MEMBERS
Secondary structural framing refers to purlins, girts, eave struts, wind bracing, flange bracing, base angles, clips and other miscellaneous structural parts.
Purlins, girts and eave struts are cold formed steel members which have a minimum yield strength of 345 MPa (50,000 psi) and will conform to the physical specifications of GB/ISO/CE or equivalent.
PURLINS & GIRTS
Purlins and girts are roll formed Z sections, 200 mm deep with 64 mm flanges shall have a 16 mm stiffening lip formed at 45˚ to the flange. They are supported on columns, rafters or building walls. They can be lapped and nested at the supports which creates a continuous beam configuration. They are placed on the roof and perimeter of the building. Hence they serve as a support to the roof sheeting and wall cladding.
C SECTION
C-Sections are 200 mm deep with a 100 mm flange. The flanges are perpendicular to the web and have a 24 mm stiffening lip.
EAVE STRUT
Eave struts are 200 mm deep with a 104 mm wide top flange, a 118 mm wide bottom flange, both are formed parallel to the roof slope. Each flange has a 24 mm stiffener lip. These are located along the sidewall; at the intersection of the planes of the roof and wall. It is constructed from cold formed C-Section and is rolled to suit the roof slope. This member transmits longitudinal wind force on the end walls from roof brace rods to wall brace rods.
OPEN WEB JOISTS
These are long span load carrying trusses suitable for direct support of floors and roof decks in the buildings. The system consists of crimped angles welded to the top and bottom chords.
CABLE BRACING
Cable bracing is made of extra high strength seven strand cable and can be designed to accommodate any length to ensure the stability of the building against forces in the longitudinal and lateral direction due to wind, cranes and earthquakes. It is made of a cable which is forged into a rod terminal and this arrangement is then fixed on a structure using a hill side washer, nut washer and a nut.
ROOF & WALL PANELS
KXD ROOF (KR) & KXD WALL (KW) (AVAILABLE IN ALL REGIONS)
KXD standard steel panels are 0.3,0.4 0.5 mm or 0.6 mm thick and have a minimum yield strength of 345 MPa. Steel panels are hot dipped and galvanized with zinc or zinc-aluminium coating. Galvanized materials conform to GB for 275 grams per square meter according to GB.
KXD panels are prepared with a multilayered coating system to ensure long life and optimum coating adherence. The base material is pretreated, before applying a corrosion resistant primer and top coat. The combined thickness of the painted film is 25 microns on the front side and 12 microns on the reverse side.
KXD RIB / ROOF (KR)
KXD Roof profile is strong and cost effective and was developed specifically for roofing applications. The bearing leg design permits easier installation and maintenance, supports thicker layers of insulation and allows easier curvature for a visually appealing finish.
Coverage Area:1000 mm
Rib Depth:25mm
KXD WALL (KW)
KXD Wall is a cost effective, partially concealed fastener panel with a sculptured valley shape between the major ribs for a superior architectural look for external walls.
Coverage Area:1000 mm
Rib Depth:15 mm
KxD DECK
KXD Deck Panels are used in high rise buildings, office buildings and mezzanine floors in industrial buildings and warehouses. These decks can be used as a permanent shuttering to support the wet concrete and help in creating composite slabs and floor beams. The continuous flange stiffeners and deep embossments increase the load carrying capacities. They provide for a stable and rigid working platform without any need of propping. These panels are roll formed from hot dip galvanized coils of 345 Mpa with thickness starting from 0.6 mm to 1.2 mm.
KIRBY STANDARD COLORS
Arctic White, Caribbean Blue, Desert Beige, Sun Gold, Autumn Green, Galvalume/AluZinc
INSULATED SANDWICH PANELS
INSULATION
The main purpose of insulating a building is to reduce the heat transfer coming through the ceilings and openings.
Polyurethane Insulation
This is a panel manufactured by the press injection method to produce a polyurethane core between exterior steel facings. It can be used on the roof and wall as claddings.
Fiber Glass Insulation
This can be used on the roof or wall and can be retrofitted on existing buildings. The fiber glass insulation is fire safe and CFC free and does not emit toxic smoke. It is laminated to the top and bottom steel facings with special chemical glue hence completely filling the insulation cavity.
SANDWICH PANELS
KXD Roof Insulated Panel (KRIP)
KXD Roof Insulated Panels (KRIP) is one of the premier roofing systems which uses the KXD Roof (KR) profile for a durable, low maintenance and weather-tight roofing system. The large panel size reduces the number of joints, and the high corrugation overlap joint reduced water leakage.
Kirby Wall Insulated Panel (KWIP)
KXD Wall Insulated Panels (KWIP) uses the KXD Wall (KW) cladding profile for a speedy and cost-efficient solution for external walls where higher insulation performance is required. This profile is most suitable to overshadow the fasteners. It can be applied as external walls for commercial and industrial applications.
For any new potential metal building buyer,KXD's turnkey solution pack would make your project just like a local market purchase experience with so much ease because you just need to fill out follwoing form and KXD will do the following work for you!
Name
|
Specification
|
Length
|
Single slope, double slope, muti slope
|
Width
|
Single span, double-span, Multi-span
|
Height
|
single floor, double floors
|
Column
|
Q235, Q345 welding H section steel
|
Beam
|
Q235, Q345 welding H section steel
|
Purlin
|
Q235 C channel or Z channel
|
Knee brace
|
Q235 angle steel
|
Vertical and transversal support
|
Q235 angle steel, round bar or steel pipe
|
Tie ba r
|
Q235 steel pipe
|
Brace
|
Q235 round bar
|
Sleeve
|
Q235 steel pipe
|
Cladding system
|
sandwich panels (EPS, PU, Fiber glass wool etc.) or can use corrugated steel sheet
with fiber glass wool insulation and steel wire gauze.
|
Pa r tition wall
|
sandwich panels (EPS, PU, Fiber glass wool etc.)
|
Second floor
|
floor deck
|
Second floor office
|
fiber cement board floor panel or checkered steel plate
|
Stair:
|
Q235 steel structure with checkered steel plate
|
Ventilation:
|
ventilator
|
Door
|
sandwich panel sliding door or roller door
|
Windows
|
PVC or Aluminum
|
Water
|
Provided plan, design and technical service.
|
Electricity
|
Provided plan, design and technical service.
|
Gutter
|
stainless steel or color steel sheet
|
Rainspout:
|
PVC
|
Live load on roof
|
In 120kg/Sqm (Color steel panel surrounded)
|
Wind resistance grade
|
12
|
Earthquake-resistance
|
8degree
|
KXD's H Section Manufacturing Equipment and Process
Steel plate cutting→H section assembly→Automatic welding-H section strengthening→Assembly→Manual welding→Shot blasting-Painting→
Storage
I.Steel plate cutting
The H section steel plate should be checked again by the factory and shall be applied under the condition of up to design and specified requirements after checking. Steel plate cutting should be aimed at quality guarantee and material saving. For each process like plate cutting,H type assembly, components assembly and pre-assembly should be carried out by profession setting-out worker precisely on processing surface and assembly sample plates.To guarantee the accuracy of the components'geometrical dimension,tolerance of form and position, angle and contact surface,inspection is necessary by inspector after setting out.In order to ensure the cutting quality,the surface of the ultra-thick plate is subjected to the surface carburizing hardness test before cutting.The CNC cutting equipment is preferred for cutting.The high purity 98.0% acrylic gas and 99.99% liquid oxygen gas are used to guarantee the smoothness and flatness of the cutting surface without notches and slags.The groove is cut by a special imported cutting machine.
Equipment name: Portable CNC Fire-cutting machine
Model No.: CNCDG-1530
Application feature: steel plate cutting(5-100mm plate cutting thickness), beveling of the edge.Advantageous in small equipment and easy-to-move. Mainly for cutting regular and irregular small components and beveling of the plate.
Equipment name:Straight flame cutting machine
Model No.:DZCG-4000A
Application feature:steel plate cutting(5-100mm plate cutting thickness),Y flange plate, web plate cutting, effective cutting width: 3200mm
Equipment name:CNC cutting machine
Model No.:CNC-4000C
Application feature:steel plate cutting(5-100mm plate cutting thickness),Y flange plate,web plate and irregular component cutting,effective cutting width: 3200mm
Equipment name: Radial drilling machine
Model No.:Z3050*16/1
Application feature:Maximum drilling diameter φ50mm,Mainly for processing of component bolt-connection holes
Equipment name:Puncher machine
Model No.:JH21-400
Application feature:Maximum stamping pressure-400 ton,Mainly for plate punching, blanking, bending and shallow stretching
Equipment name:Shearing machine
Model No.:Q11Y-25*2500
Application feature:cutting width 2500mm and cutting thickness 3-25mm
II.H section steel assembly
The assembly process is set up on the imported H section production line.4 hydraulic positioning system press firmly against between the upper/lower flange and web plates in position. The adjust the parallelism of the flange plates and perpendicularity between flange and web plates and get them fixed after. The fixing welding should adopt C02 gas shielded welding.
Equipment name:H section steel assembly machine
Model No.:Z20B
Application feature:mainly for H type assembly u,flange width 150-800mm,web height 160-2000 mm
III.Automatic welding
The H section steel members will be hoisted into the gantry-type submerged arc automatic welding machine for welding.The welding process should be carried out in accordance with specified welding sequence and regulation parameters.Preheating, which uses the electrical heaters, is necessary for the ultra-thick plates of components.The set temperature shall be determined based on the specified one.Please see factory welding process documents for detail.
Equipment name: Gantry-type submerged arc automatic welding machine
Model No.:LHA5ZB
Application feature:Mainly for assembly welding of H section steel whose maximum cross section up to 800mm×2000mm
IV.H section steel strengthening machine
H section steel strengthening process: Correction of flange flatness by using H section steel flange plate strengthening machine.Flame-correct the perpendicularity between the H section flange and web plate under special circumstances and then correct the side bending of the H section steel. The flame temperature should be controlled under the range of 600~800ºC.
Equipment name:H section steel strengthening machine
Model No.:YTJ60B
Application feature:Mainly for correcting the deformation of I beam or H section steel flange plate during welding process,flange width 200-1000mm, flange thickness≤60mm, web height≥350mm
Equipment name:H section flange strengthening machine
Model No.: HYJ-800
Application feature:Mainly for correcting the deformation of I beam or H section steel flange plate during welding process,flange width 160-800mm,flange thickness≤40mm,web height≥160mm
V.Simulated assembly of component
1.Get familiar with component shop drawing and technical requirements.
2.The model components need to re-check by related department after making and finalizing of the model components and then to assemble.
3.Accurate mark-up
4.Inspect the component after first assembly.For multi-group components, pre-assembly for the first group and then batch assembly after qualified test.
VI.Manual welding
VII.Shot blasting
Equipment name:10-ramming heads shot blasting machine
Model No.:QH1525
Application feature:Mainly for shot blasting of section steels including H section steel, welded members and steel plate,10 ramming head; Machine entry size:1500Í2500 and member at 1200Í2000 size could pass the machine at once; up to Sa2.5 Grade.
VIII.Painting
The surface of the members should be in even,flat, glossy and full painting without manifest of cracking, peeling and pin holing.The color and coating thickness should also meet design requirements.If there is no certain requirements,the following standards should be followed:thickness is 150μm indoor while 125μm outdoor.The allowable deviation is -25μm.The allowable deviation of dry paint film thickness for each-time painting
Two coats of primer:thickness being40±5μm; Two coats of finish paint:thickness being 60±5μm.
Equipment name:Airless sprayer
Model No.:CPQ9CA
Application feature: Derived capacity:56 L/min,Air consumption:50~1200 L/min.Mainly for surface paint of structural members, Pressure ration: 32:1
Applicable Codes
LATEST INTERNATIONAL CODES COMPLIANCE
A. (GB50009-2012): Load code for the design of building structures
Loads on all buildings are applied in accordance with:
2012 edition of the Load code for the design of building structures
B. (MOHURD): Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China
Manufacturing and Erection tolerances are applied as per:
GB50205-2001 edition Code for acceptance of construction quality of steel structures
C.(MOHURD): Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of ChinaHot rolled sections and built up sections are designed in accordance with:
GB50017-2017 Code for design of steel structure
D. CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition
Cold formed members are designed in accordance with:
GB50018-2002 Technical code of cold-formed thin wall steel structures
E. (MOHURD): Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China
Welding is applied in accordance with:
JGJ81-2002 Technical specification for Welding of steel structure of building
F. Surface treatments are applied in accordance with:
GB/T 8923.1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products-Visual assessment of surface cleanliness-Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grade of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings
STRICT DEFLECTION CRITERIA
| Deflection |
Type of structural members |
Deflection Limitation |
| Vertical Deflection |
Portal frame rafter |
Only support corrugated steel sheets roof and cold-formed section purlins |
L/180 |
| If there is ceiling system |
L/240 |
| If there is top running crane |
L/400 |
| Mezzanine floor |
Main beam |
L/400 |
| Secondary beam |
L/250 |
| Purlins |
Only support corrugated steel sheets roof |
L/150 |
| If there is ceiling system |
L/240 |
| Corrugated roof steel sheet |
L/150 |
| Lateral Deflection |
Wall panel |
L/100 |
| Wind columns or wind truss structures |
L/250 |
| Wall beam |
Only support corrugated steel sheet wall |
L/100 |
| Support masonry wall |
L/180 and ≤50mm |
Material Specifications
The material standards for which the building components have been designed as per specifications.
STANDARD MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
| Material Specifications |
| No |
Components |
Specifications |
Minimum yield strength |
Applicable Design Code |
| 1 |
Built -up
(Plates) |
GB/T1591-2008 |
Fy = 34.5 kN/cm2 |
CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition |
| 2 |
Hot Rolled |
Angles |
GB/T3274-2007 |
Fy = 23.5 kN/cm2 |
CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition |
Beams |
GB/T11263-2010 |
Fy = 23.5 kN/cm2 |
CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition |
| 3 |
Cold Form
|
Galvanized |
GB/T 2518-2008 |
Fy = 45.0 kN/cm2 |
CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition |
| 4 |
Roof panel/Wall panel
(Zinc) |
GB/T12754-2006 |
Fy = 34.5 kN/cm2 |
CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition |
| 5 |
Roof panel/Wall panel
(Alu) |
GB/T12754-2006 |
Fy = 34.5 kN/cm2 |
CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition |
| 6 |
X-Bracing |
Galvanized cable bracing |
GB/T 700-2006 |
Fu = 157 kN/cm2 |
CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition |
| 7 |
Anchor bolts
|
GB/T 700-2006 |
Fu = 40.0 kN/cm2 |
CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition |
| 8 |
High strength Bolts |
GB/T 1228-2006 |
Ft = 30.3 kN/cm2
Fu = 72 to 83 kN/cm2 |
CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition |
| 9 |
Machine Bolts
|
GB/T 1228-2006 |
Ft = 13.8 kN/cm2
Fu = 41.0 kN/cm2 |
CISA - China Iron & Steel Association - Latest Edition |
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